Xaquín García

Research Fellow - Ikerbasque Research Fellow





    Climate change and inequality are two of the most important threats that humankind face in the 21st century. In order to face these two challenges, it is necessary to design and implement policies aimed at favouring a transition toward a low carbon society that, at the same time, contributes to reduce inequality between and within countries. Indeed, if climate change mitigation policies tend to increase the gap between rich and poor households or reduce the affordability of energy services to the poorest households, most of these measures pose the risk of being rejected by the public and policy makers and, therefore, any attempts to tackle climate change could be unsuccessful. Our chances of achieving a low carbon economy goes hand in hand through the correct design of policies that promote a better redistribution of its impacts.


I am currently a Postdoctoral Researcher at BC3, Fellow Researcher at the MIT and Ikerbasque Research Fellow. The main research area of my career has been the analysis of the socio-economic impacts of different climate measures and how to ensure a just energy transition that achieves ambitious climate goals without harming vulnerable groups in the society. I have been very active in my research as shown by my publications in some of the best peer-reviewed journals in energy and environmental economics, such as Energy Economics, Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy or Energy Policy. I have also presented at some of the leading international conferences, such as the conferences organised by the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists or the Global Conference on Environmental Taxation (CGET) and closely worked with policy makers. I have been able to work in high-level research projects, which have had both scientific and social impact.

Main research field
Environmental and Public Economics

BC3 Research Groups
Low Carbon Society
Multi/trans disciplinar integration

Scopus author ID
57189370330

Orcid ID
0000-0002-2667-3292

xaquin.garcia@bc3research.org
+34 944 014 690
Download CV (PDF 588.53 B)


2026

The challenge with climate-energy-economy models in constructing fair and equitable climate futures.
Nikas, A., Sampedro, J., Khourdajie, A.A., Arto, I., Balderrama, S., Boasson, E.L., Cartwright, A., Feijoo, F., Fragkos, P., Frilingou, N., García-Muros, X., Herbig, V., Karamaneas, A., Koasidis, K., Ma, L., Mittal, S., Moleskis, M., Nikolakakis, T., Pathak, M., Peters, G.P., Platias, C., Pietzcker, R.C., Raihan, S., Rodés-Bachs, C., Rogelj, J., Śniegocki, A., Sognnæs, I., Solomou, P., Spatharidou, D., Taliotis, C., Tigka, C., Tomás, M., Trachanas, G.P., Tsipouridis, I., van de Ven, D.J., Vienni-Baptista, B., Zachariadis, T., Arnokourou, A., Makri, E., Gambhir, A., Kratena, K., Xexakis, G.
[Journal Article] Futures. 181. 2026. Handle
Distributional impact of the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive in the EU: a gender perspective.
Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Social Sciences and Humanities Open. 13. 2026. Handle
How can we alleviate transport poverty? Insights from a cluster analysis for Spain.
Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Transport Policy. 175. 2026. Handle
Balancing the scales: gendered impacts and policy responses to oil price shocks in Spain.
Alonso-Epelde, E., Román de Lara, M.V., Moyano-Reina, M., García-Muros, X., Tomás, M., González-Eguino, M., Arto, I.
[Journal Article] Economic Systems Research. 38. (1) 113-140. 2026. Handle

2024

Climate action from a gender perspective: A systematic review of the impact of climate policies on inequality.
Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Energy Research and Social Science. 112. 2024. Handle
Biodiversity and Climate.
González-Eguino, Mikel, Xaquín García-Muros, María Moyano, Eva Alonso-Epelde, María Victoria Román, and Manuel Tomás.
[Book chapter] UK, Cheltenham. Edward Elgar. 216-228. 2024. DOI
Policy Brief #4 Transición Energética Justa en España: hogares y empleos.
Moyano-Reina, M., Rey, L., Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., & González-Eguino, M.
[Other publication] 2024-01-01. Observatorio de la Transición Energética y la Acción Climática (OTEA). 2024. DOI
Caracterización de los hogares en situación de pobreza en el transporte en España.
Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., & González-Eguino, M.
[Other publication] 2024-01-01. Observatorio de la Transición Energética y la Acción Climática (OTEA). 2024. DOI

2023

Transport poverty indicators: A new framework based on the household budget survey.
Alonso-Epelde, E., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Energy Policy. 181. 2023. Handle
Ensuring a just energy transition: A distributional analysis of diesel tax reform in Spain with stakeholder engagement.
Tomás, M., García-Muros, X., Alonso-Epelde, E., Arto, I., Rodríguez-Zúñiga, A., Monge, C., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Energy Policy. 177. 2023. Handle
Análisis del impacto distributivo de las medidas para contener la factura energética de los hogares.
[Other publication] 2023-01-01. 2023.

2022

Análisis de impacto de alternativas para la financiación de las energías renovables en España.
González-Eguino, M. García-Muros, X. Arto, I., Pizarro-Irizar, C .
[Journal Article] Cuadernos Económicos de ICE. II. (104) 111-135. 2022. Handle
Impacto social y distributivo de la revisión de la Directiva sobre Fiscalidad Energética en España.
Eva Alonso-Epelde, Alejandro Rodríguez-Zúñiga, Xaquín García-Muros y Mikel González-Eguino.
[Journal Article] Papeles de Energía - FUNCAS. 2022. Handle
Impact evaluation of financing mechanisms for renewable energy in Spain.
González-Eguino, M., García-Muros, X., Arto, I., Pizarro-Irizar, C.
[Journal Article] Cuadernos Economicos De ICE. 2022. (104) 111-135. 2022. DOI
Toward a just energy transition: A distributional analysis of low-carbon policies in the USA.
García-Muros, X., Morris, J., Paltsev, S.
[Journal Article] Energy Economics. 105. 2022. Handle
Who bears the burden of greening electricity?.
Böhringer, C., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Energy Economics. 105. 2022. Handle
Can Polluter Pays policies in the aviation sector be progressive?.
Urios, J., Román, M.V., García-Muros, X, Rodriguez, A.
[Other publication] 2022-01-01. (Forthcoming). Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) . 2022.

2020

Lost (and found) in Transition: Expert stakeholder insights on low-carbon energy transitions in Spain.
Sorman, A.H., García-Muros, X., Pizarro-Irizar, C., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Energy Research and Social Science. 64. 2020. Handle
Análisis de impacto del Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima PNIEC 2021-2030 de España.
González-Eguino,M., Arto,I., Rodriguez-Zuñiga,A., García-Muros,X., Sampedro,J., Kratena,K.,Cazcarro,I.,Sorman,A.H.,Pizarro-Irizar,C.,Sanz-Sanchez,M.J.
[Journal Article] Papeles de Economía Española. 163. 9-22. 2020. Handle
Impacto económico y sobre la salud de la Estrategia de Descarbonización a Largo Plazo 2050 (ELP2050).
González-Eguino,M.,Arto,I., Rodríguez-Zúñiga,A.,García-Muros, X.,Sampedro, J.
[Other publication] 2020-01-01. Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. 2020.
Impacto económico de la rehabilitación energética de viviendas en España en el periodo 2021-2030.
González-Eguino,M.,Arto,I., Rodríguez-Zúñiga,A.,García-Muros, X.,Tomas,M.
[Other publication] 2020-01-01. Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana. 2020.
Impacto Económico, de Empleo, Social y sobre la Salud Pública del Borrador Actualizado del Plan Nacional Integrado De Energía y Clima 2021-2030.
González-Eguino, M., Arto, I., Rodriguez-Zuñiga,A.,X García-Muros, X. Sampedro,J., Kratena,K., Cazcarro, I., Sorman, A.H.,Pizarro-Irizar,C., Sanz-Sanchez, M.J.
[Other publication] 2020-01-01. Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica. 2020.

2019

The socioeconomic future of deltas in a changing environment.
Arto, I., García-Muros, X., Cazcarro, I., González, M., Markandya, A., Hazra, S.
[Journal Article] Science of the Total Environment. 648. 1284-1296-1296. 2019. Handle
Greener and fairer: A progressive environmental tax reform for Spain.
Böhringer, C., García-Muros, X., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy. 8 (2) 141-160-160. 2019. Handle
Case study narratives on risks and uncertainties associated with climate mitigation pathways.
Alevgul H. Sorman, Cristina Pizarro-Irizar, Xaquín García-Muros, Mikel González-Eguino, Iñaki Arto.
[Book chapter] London. Routledge. 296. ISBN 9780429458781. 2019. DOI

2018

Análisis de una reforma fiscal ambiental para España con devoluciones para todos los hogares.
GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ, JOAQUÍN; GONZALEZ RUIZ DE EGUINO, MIKEL.
[Journal Article] Papeles De Economía Española. (154) 2018. Handle

2017

US climate policy: A critical assessment of intensity standards.
Böhringer, C., Garcia-Muros, X., Gonzalez-Eguino, M., Rey, L.
[Journal Article] Energy Economics. 68. 125-135-135. 2017. DOI
Local air pollution and global climate change taxes: a distributional analysis for the case of Spain.
García-Muros, X., Burguillo, M., González-Eguino, M., Romero-Jordán, D.
[Journal Article] Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 60. (3) 419-436-436. 2017. DOI
The efficiency cost of protective measures in climate policy.
Böhringer, C., Garcia-Muros, X., Cazcarro, I., Arto, I.
[Journal Article] Energy Policy. 104. 446-454-454. 2017. DOI
The distributional effects of carbon-based food taxes.
García-Muros, X., Markandya, A., Romero-Jordán, D., González-Eguino, M.
[Journal Article] Journal of Cleaner Production. 140. 996-1006-1006. 2017. DOI
Cost-effectiveness and incidence of alternative mechanisms for financing renewables.
Xaquin*Garcia-Muros, Christoph*Böhringer and Mikel*Gonzalez-Eguino.
[Policy brifings] BC3 Basque Center for Climate Change. 2017-04. 2017. PDF
Mecanismos para financiar la promoción de energías renovables. Impactos en los hogares y las industrias.
Joaquin Garcia-Muros y Mikel González-Eguino.
[Policy brifings] BC3 Basque Center for Climate Change. 2017-04. 4 2017. PDF

2015

US climate policy: a critical assessment of intensity standards.
Christoph Böhringer*, Xaquin Garcia-Muros*, Mikel Gonzalez-Eguino* and Luis Rey.
[Policy brifings] BC3 Basque Center for Climate Change. 2015-04. 2015. PDF

2014

Local air pollution and global climate change taxes: a distributional analysis.
Xaquín*Garcia-Muros, Mercedes*Burguillo, Mikel*Gonzalez-Eguino and Desiderio*Romero-Jordán.
[Policy brifings] BC3 Basque Center for Climate Change. 2014-01. 2014. PDF
Delivering the next generation of open integrated assessment models for net-zero, sustainable development
Advancing the understanding of challenges, policy options and measures to achieve a just EU energy transition
Expanding integrated assessment modelling: comprehensive and comprehensible science for sustainable, co-created climate action
BIDERATU
Strengthening low carbon transition policies - Fortalecimiento de las políticas bajas de transición de carbono
European Union Trade in Value Added, Jobs and Greenhouse Gases emissions
Transitions pathways and risk analysis for climate change mitigation and adaption strategies
DEltas, vulnerability and Climate Change; Migration as an Adaptation
Knowledge Based Climate Mitigation Systems for a Low Carbon Economy
Choosing Efficient Combinations of Policy Instruments for Low-carbon development and Innovation to Achieve Europe